<p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">Athletics comes from the Greek word Athlos, meaning "to race." It includes a group of sports, mainly divided into running, throwing, and jumping. Athletics has existed since before Christ, and is divided into running over various distances and other competitions, including: hammer throw, discus throw, javelin throw, shot put, pole vault, long jump, and triple jump. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:275/183;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/cd5c9cb6-02fa-47fd-85cd-1687965fa44a.jpeg" alt="race"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> <span style="background-color:unset;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.87);font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;"><span lang="ar">You can follow the news and</span></span> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sbsial.com/ar/features/celebrity-ads"><span lang="ar">announcements of celebrities</span></a> <span style="background-color:unset;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.87);font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;"><span lang="ar">and all their</span></span> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sbsial.com/ar/features/exclusive-content"><span lang="ar">exclusive content</span></a> <span style="background-color:unset;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.87);font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;"><span lang="ar">that you can only find through the Special application, which is</span></span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sbsial.com/ar"><span lang="ar">a social networking application</span></a> <span style="background-color:unset;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.87);font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;"><span lang="ar">with special and unique features, as it includes a podcast that provides many unique features, as you can launch</span></span> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sbsial.com/ar/features/podcast-and-voice-recording"><span lang="ar">a podcast</span></a> <span style="background-color:unset;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.87);font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;"><span lang="ar">with your friends or listen to others, and it also provides information about</span></span> the <span style="background-color:unset;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.87);font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;"><span lang="ar">various</span></span> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sbsial.com/ar/features/celebrity-collectibles"><span lang="ar">possessions of celebrities</span></a> .</p><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> The Games calendar is dominated by four types of events: major meets, interclub meets, national championships, and major international championships. The Olympic Games are the most internationally recognized event, held every four years since 1896, followed by the World Championships in Athletics, held every two years since 1991, with the first edition taking place in 1983. Since 1982, all athletics events have been organized by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:245/206;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/7998d279-d1e9-4bea-94a9-6fe973bd8e1d.jpeg" alt="Races"></figure><h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> <span style="color:hsl(187, 48%, 51%);">The beginning of the history of athletics "racing"</span><br></h2><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> It is noteworthy that humans lived in prehistoric times in primitive societies where survival was for the fittest. Their lives were linked to their ability to run to catch food for themselves and their families, their skills in jumping to overcome natural obstacles and barriers that stood in their way while hunting, and their ability to shoot to catch animals. The inscriptions, pictures, and statues that historians have found are the best evidence that these societies practiced running, jumping, and shooting. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:700/400;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/50f47ff1-d725-44eb-9766-99612e58c5c3.jpeg" alt="Races"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> The ancient Greeks acquired these skills, developed them, and established rules and regulations governing their competitions. Field and track competitions were the solid foundation for which the Greeks established what they called the Olympic festivals. They created the first running track at the foot of the sacred mountain (Kronos). </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:824/690;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/b5795c95-1d51-4c77-b439-a550fbf51773.jpeg" alt="Races" ></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> The ancient Greeks did not know the running track in its current oval form. Rather, the track they built was a flat piece of land adjacent to a hill for spectators to sit on. They measured distances with their feet. The first distance used was 600 Greek feet, or approximately 183 meters. They built the first running track in Athens. There were other track races starting from the starting line to the finish line and back, with a distance estimated at approximately 365 meters. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:800/400;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/f02503d5-465e-4494-8bed-f91cc1f660ae.jpeg" alt="Races"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> But as for the long-distance running race, it differed according to the number of times to go and return. Sometimes it was 7 times to go and return, so the distance was 1280 meters, or 12 times or 20 times. Boys' races were shorter than men's races. There were running races of a military nature and a running race with lit torches, which was held at night. This type of race had a sacred status among the Greeks. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:800/450;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/6bbc981b-103b-4e0b-8afd-8af6a5672849.jpeg" alt="Races"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> The shape of the track remained the same until the Conference for the Revival of the Ancient Olympic Festivals in Paris in 1894 AD agreed to organize the first modern Olympic Games in Greece in 1896 AD. They created the first oval running track with two curves, which was used in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 AD in Athens. After that, the shape of the track changed and developed until it now has a football field in the middle.</p><h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> <span style="color:hsl(187, 48%, 51%);">Athletics competition in 1888</span><br></h2><h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> <span style="color:hsl(187, 48%, 51%);">B.C.E.</span></h2><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> Athletics competitions were first held in Greece in 1453 BC as part of the Athenian Games, the forerunner of the Olympic Games. The sport was practiced during religious celebrations, acquiring a spiritual dimension in addition to its athletic dimension beginning in 1500 BC. It formed the basis of the ancient Olympic Games, which were limited to these games in many editions. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:800/671;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/82c74c81-d3d3-4c73-bb6f-6d3a64e0e34b.jpeg" alt="Races"></figure><h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> <span style="color:hsl(187, 48%, 51%);">A.D.</span></h2><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"><br> Athletics continued to flourish until 393 AD, when the Roman Emperor Seducius decided to stop and prohibit the Olympic Games. He did so because they were accompanied by pagan rituals and customs that were inconsistent with the principles of the Christian religion, because they glorified strength and its heroes more than the holy apostles, and because they were a means of military training that led to war and destruction. Thus, the Olympic flame was extinguished, and the sport stagnated for a long time. It then flourished and spread again in the Middle Ages, relying on the chivalric society dominated by the aristocracy. Athletics grew and became a primary goal. Athletics became part of the general education of young men, who trained in running, jumping, and throwing. They competed in these games during equestrian competitions. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:720/405;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/a5509f97-9221-44db-8b1b-4c73cb412f0c.jpeg" alt="Races"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> He mentioned that prehistoric man lived in primitive societies where survival was for the fittest. His life was linked to his ability to run to catch food for himself and his family, his jumping skills to overcome natural obstacles and barriers that stood in his way while hunting, and his throwing skills to catch animals. The inscriptions, pictures, and statues found by historians are the best evidence of the practice of running, jumping, and throwing in these societies. The ancient Greeks advanced and developed these skills and established systems and laws to govern their competitions. Field and track competitions were the solid foundation for which the Greeks established what they called the Olympic festivals. They created the first running track at the foot of the sacred mountain (Kronos). </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:800/400;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/83c23944-0f92-4169-963f-815e653365e9.jpeg" alt="Races"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> The ancient Greeks did not know the running track in its current oval form. Rather, the track they built was a flat piece of land adjacent to a hill for spectators. They measured distances in their feet. The earliest distance used was 600 Greek feet, or approximately 183 meters. They built the first running track in Athens. There were other track races that started from the starting line to the finish line and returned, with the distance estimated at approximately 365 meters. Long-distance running races varied according to the number of round trips. Sometimes, there were 7 round trips, which would be 1280 meters, or 12 round trips, or 20 round trips. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:808/540;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/8e550e9f-2f63-4bf1-b29f-086d42393d6f.jpeg" alt="Races"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> Boys' races were shorter than men's. There were military-style running races and torch-carrying races held at night, a race held sacred by the Greeks. The shape of the track remained the same until the Congress of the Revival of the Ancient Olympic Festivals in Paris in 1894 agreed to organize the first modern Olympic Games in Greece in 1896. They created the first oval running track with two curves, which was used in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens. The shape of the track changed and evolved until it now includes a football field in the middle. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:1200/675;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/a710e4d3-9b82-4429-921a-418e2a1bd1d6.jpeg" alt="Races"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> The term athletics encompasses a variety of activities divided into two main categories: events held indoors or outdoors, such as running, throwing, and jumping, and events held outdoors, such as marathons, walking, and cross-country running.<br></p><h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> <span style="color:hsl(187, 48%, 51%);">Complex events</span></h2><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"><br> Decathlon: The decathlon competition consists of (10) different competitions, and these competitions are held over two consecutive days.<br> Heptathlon: It is the equivalent of the women’s decathlon competition. It replaced the pentathlon competition in 1948 and is held over two consecutive days. <br></p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:800/534;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/1d4086f3-851a-4748-9772-1ecf637c8384.jpeg" alt="Races"></figure><h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> <span style="color:hsl(187, 48%, 51%);">Arab achievements</span></h2><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"><br> Many Arabs have achieved success in the Olympic Games. Tunisian runner Mohamed Gammoudi was the first Arab runner to win a silver medal in the 10,000m race at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. He was also the first Arab runner to win a gold medal in the 5,000m race at the 1968 Mexico Olympics, a bronze medal in the 10,000m race at the same Games, and a silver medal in the 5,000m race at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Moroccan runner Nawal El Moutawakel also distinguished herself, becoming the first Arab, African, and Muslim runner to win an Olympic medal at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:600/337;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/47aab997-a967-497b-a0d0-cef1b7dee63f.jpeg" alt="Al-Qamoudi"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> Moroccan runner Said Aouita achieved a historic feat at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, winning Olympic gold in a memorable race that captivated the hearts of millions of Arabs. Aouita consolidated his dominance of athletics in the 1980s, winning the World Championship in Rome in 1987 and breaking the 5,000m world record, becoming the first man to run under 13 minutes. Algerian runner Hassiba Boulmerka won the gold medal in the 1,500m in Barcelona in 1992, and Algerian Nouria Merah-Benida reclaimed the title over the same distance in Sydney in 2000. In the same event, Algerian Noureddine Morceli won gold in Atlanta in 1996. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:400/231;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/aabaee78-0559-498a-9bcf-d38d11cf3fe2.jpeg" alt="Saeed Aouita"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> This was followed by the champion Hicham El Guerrouj achieving two gold medals at the Athens 2004 Olympics, as well as the Saudi Hadi Souan achieving a silver medal at the Sydney 2000 Olympics in the 400m hurdles, making him the second best time in the world for this race in 2000. The Arab record holder for the 100m race is the Iraqi runner Sami Al-Sheikhly, with a time of 10.2, which he recorded at the Helsinki Championship in Finland in 1970. The Syrian athlete Ghada Shouaa also won a medal in the heptathlon at the 1996 Summer Olympics and a bronze medal in the same competition in Barcelona in 1992, and Habiba Ghribi won a gold medal in the 3000m steeplechase race in London in 2012. </p><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img style="aspect-ratio:640/480;" src="https://cdn.sbisiali.com/news/images/12f9cffb-a343-401c-957d-2bf0fb329c35.jpeg" alt="Hisham El Guerrouj"></figure><p style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> Athletics is a sport that encompasses a number of events involving running, jumping, throwing, or walking. Often referred to as track and field competitions, the sport includes individual events, such as the 100m dash, marathon, or long jump; combined events, including the decathlon and heptathlon; or team-based events such as the 4x100m relay.</p>